Acetylene-gas generator.



G. H. EMERSON, R.'D. HAWKINS a E. T. KITCHEN.

AGETYLENE GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 31

Patented July 13, 1909.

IESSeS ANDREW, s, ummm co., Pummumoamrnms. wnsnmavan, a c.

UNITED TATES PATENT OiEltii GEORGE II. EMERSON, ROBERT D. IIAWKINS, AND FREDERICK T. lITtfllEN, Ol ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GOLD (IAR HEATING d; LIGHT] NG COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION Ol-` NEW YORK.

ACETYLENE-GAS GENERATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 13, 1909.

Application filed March 31, 1906. Serial No. 309,187.

To all whom t may concern.'

Re it known that we, Gannon Il. EMERSON, Romani? l). HawkiNs, and Fmmnnioii T. Krrcnnn, citizens of the United States, and residents of St. Paul, Ramsey county, Minnesota, have invented a new, useful, and Improved Acetylene-Gas Generator, ot' which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, snch as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the saine.

rlhis invention relates to in'iprovements in ineans tor safely and economically generating acetylene gas from calcium carbid, and has particular reterenee to improven'ients in acetylene gas generators 'for use upon railway cars.

The primary object oit' our invention is to provide an acetylene gas generator whereby acetylene gas may be rapidly, sa't'ely and automatically gene ated in desired quantities and at desired times.

A t'urther objectoi' the invention is to provide a gas generator that shall be of simple and durable construction and so arranged that it may be safely and quickly charged and emptied.

Another object ot the invent-ion is to provide a` gas generator 'tor and upon railway cars and to so arrange and construct said generator that it may be charged and emptied 'trom the exterior ot' the car, to the end that all danger ot' tlooding thc car with gas shall be avoided; and tor the further purpose ot lessening the cost ot attendance upon the generator.

Still another object ot the invent-ion is to construct and provide a gas generator lor railway cars, which shall be small, compact and ot neat appearance; and a particular object is to provide a gas generator of great strength and so located within and combined with the training ot the car that it shall be practically impossible for the same to becom\, a source ot' danger even though the car be wrecked.

A special object ot the invention is to provide a gas generator which though ot` large capacity shall be ot' small size to the end that it shall occnpy little space in a car.

Still another obj ect of the invention is to provide an acetylene gas generator ot snch form and construction that the lieeding oitl the necessary carbid and water shall be accomplished without the use ot moving parts or other elements corresponding to the usual and complicated tee-ding mechanism now generally employed in acetylene gas generators.

A further special object oit this invention is to provide an acetylene gas generator ot such construction that it shall be :apable ot automatically discharging the contained water and gas to the atmosphere in event ot accident, as in case oit its use upon a railway coach and the coach is wrecked.

Still lurther objects ot our invention will appear hereinafter.

Our invention consists primarily in an acetylene gas generator that has a tubular body whose upper end projmts through and above the root ot the car in position to receive a charge ol carbid lrom that point. and whose lower end opens though the car tloor so that the generator may be emptied without entering the car, all the known dangers connected with the charging and emptying ot' acetylene gas generators being entirely avoided.

Further, our invention consists in a generator ot the character above dclincd and which contains 1 deep carbid pocket or shell, the lower end ot which is provided with a grating, in combination with means tor maintaining a body ot water in thc lower part ol the generator body to receive thc carbid which drops 'trom said shell, the arrangement being such that the varying pressure olI the generating gas causes the contained water to rise into contact with and drop awa)Y trom the carbid upon the grating, a high pressure o'l" gas thus operating to stop or check generation and a lower pressure pormitting the water to risc and partialtv sub merge the carbid on the grating, thereby accelerating and checking the generation ot gas as required to maintain an approxi mately constant pressure in the generator and connected gas system Our invention also consists in various dctails o'tI construction and in combinations ot parts, all as hereinatler described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The invention will be more readily understood by ret'erence to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1, is a vertical, transverse section ot a gas generator embodying our invention,

same being shown in position in a railway coach; Fig. 2, is a like sectional view of the lower end of the generator showing the discharge valve in open position; and F ig. 3, is a detail view of the revoluble disk of the emptying valve.

Before proceeding with the description of our acetylene gas generator as applied to railway coaches, we deem it proper to state that our apparatus is applicable to other uses, particularly to the furnishing of gas for the lighting of stores and residences.Y

As such uses and also numerous modifications of the generator herein shown will readily suggest themselves to one skilled in the art, we do not confine our invention to the specific construction, the arrangements or the use herein shown and described. Nevertheless, we consider our invention to be of most importance and of greatest utility in connection with the lighting of railway coaches and trains, including locomotives; and desire to direct particular attention to its merits and advantages in that connection.

Referring now to the drawings, our generator, in its preferred form, is a long, tubular structure, placed at the side or in a corner of the car, with its ends protruding through the floor and the roof of the car. Closures are provided for both ends of the structure at points outside of the car, these closures being of a kind adapted to facilitate access to the interior of the generator and to tightly close the ends thereof. The upper part of the tubular body or structure is devoted to the recept-ion of calcium carbid. The lower portion of the tubular body is made to contain the required body of water and serves as the residue or sludge chamber to receive the slakcd carbid. To these main elements of the generator are added the main reservoir and the gas tank, and the necessary gas pipes and conduits, which complete our gas generator or system. The tubular structure preferably comprises a cylindrical tube or large pipe, 1, extending the full height of the car and projecting through the floor and the roof thereof. We prefer to employ a seamless steel tube of heavy gage, as such a tube possesses suiiicient strength to save it from breakage in event of a wreck.

Secured to the upper and lower ends of the tube, 1, are flanged castings 5 and 31. The bottom casting 31, rests upon the floor timbers of the car. To it we secure the head, 32, containing a sludge discharge opening or duct 33. The head 32 is provided with lugs 32 and is secured to the casting 31, by swivel bolts, 34:. A packing strip interposed between the casting and the head prevents leakage at the joint. On the upper face of the head 32, or preferably in a recess therein, is a valve disk, 37, for closing the discharge opening 33, in the head. This disk contains an opening, 39, and when the disk is turned, said opening may be made to register with the duct, 33, to discharge the sludge or residue from the generator. l/Vhen the solid portion of the disk is turned over the opening 33, the lower end ofthe conveyer is tightly closed to prevent the escape of the water normally confined therein. The head is an irregular casting and contains a barrel portion, 35, which forms a bearing for the Valve stem, 36. The valve is operated by means of the handle or lever, 38, on the stem, beneath the car. If desired the discharge opening or duct, 33, in the head 32, may be extended, by a pipe, 40, to any desired length.

The upper end of the generator body is closed by a cap or plate 7, which rests on the top of the casting or collar, 5, with suitable packing 6, interposed. Theiplate is held in position by an arm 8, pivoted on a lug, 10, of casting 5, and secured at the opposite side by a thumb nut or bolt, 11, extending from the lug, 12, on the part, 5.

If desired the carbid grating, 3, may be attached to the sides of the tube, but for convenience we preferably make it a part of a separate carbid container, shell or cartridge. This shell comprises a tube 2, having a iiange 4, at the top, whereby it is hung from the collar, 5. The shell 2, is preferably tapered, being larger at the bottom than the top, our purpose in this re gard being to insure the drop or feed of the contained carbid. In the lower end of the shell, 2, is the grating 3, formed of curved bars and adapted to retain the lumps of carbid. As the upper end of the generator is above the roof of the car, it is always charged or filled from the exterior of the car, and thus all danger of flooding the car with gas is avoided.

TNe arrange the water reservoir of our generator in the upper part of the car, the part here referred to is the reservoir, 15. The pipe, 14k, leads from this reservoir, 15, to the lower part of the generator body, l; opening into same a considerable distance beneath the grating, 3. A valve, 13, is provided in the water pipe. In practice this valve is either wholly closed or wide open; no careful adjustment thereof being necessary, for reasons hereinafter stated.

23, is the filling pipe of the tank, 15. This opens through the roof of the car, in position to receive the end of a water pipe or hose.

Upon the upper end of the pipe, 3, is a safety valve, which normally prents the escape of gas through the water tank, but which permits the escape of gas when, if ever, the pressure of gas becomes excessive. The safety valve also operates to free the gas in the generator and tank in case the car is overturned. The safety valve is of simple construction, comprising a casting 24, on the pipe 23, and a small disk or Valve proper, 25, provided with suitable gasket and held in place by the weighted lever, 9,7, the latter being pivoted on the casting, 24. The pressure at which the generator is to work is determined by the adjustment of the weight, Bt), ou the lever, 27. The valve lever may be lifted and the valve thrown open at; any time for the purpose of filling the reservoir. As gravity .is depended upon to hold the safety valve sluit, it is obvious that the valve will swing open freely if the car is overturned.

The pipe, 23, projects into the reservoir, 15, to form an air trap in the upper part thereof. To permit the free tlow of water from the reservoir, 15, to the generator proper, we use a1 small air pipe, L11, extending to a point below the tloor of the car to the top of the reservoir. This pipe contains a check valve, ft2, which will admit air to the reservoir, but which closes in the opposite direction to prevent the relief of either air, gas or water through the pipe, 11.

is an overtlow or starting pipe connected with the generator 1, at a` point close beneath the grating, 3. This pipe contains a valve 22', and is connected with the air pipe, l1, the lower end of the latter being enlarged as shown, that is the two pipes join in a T from which the pipe, 41@ extends through the floor.

The gas pipe, 17, extends from the upper part of the generator to a condenser, 18, and is thence continued in a pipe, 2t), containing a valve, 21, and communicating with a gas reservoir, 13, beneath the car. The condenser, 1S, is a metal tube, having a capped upper end, 1S), which projects through the roof of the *ar. The gas pipe, 20, is connected to the intermediate portion of the tube,

i 18. rlhe exposure of the end of the tube to the external atmosphere keeps the tube at a low temperature as required to condense the moisture carried over from the generator. The condensation flows back to the generator through the gas pipe, 17.

The gas for use in the coach is taken from the reservoir, 123, and a reducing valve is usually employed .in the burner pipe as shown, to insure a uniformity of pressure therein.

ln operating our generator we prefer to use lump carbid which is coated or treated with oil, tar, wax or like substance, which render the lumps partially moisture proof. Such coating while it prevents the decomposition and decrepitation of the carbid by water vapor, does not prevent decomposition when the carbid is submerged in water.

The operation of our generator is as follows: Assuming that the generator proper is empty, the top cap, 7, is first removed and the shell or artridge, 2, is tilled with calcium carbid, after which the cap is replaced and secured by means of the fastening device shown. As a next step the disk valve, 37, is closed, after which the valves, 13 and 21 are opened. The generator is then ready to receive water. At this time the safety falve, 25, is thrown open and water is turned into the reservoir, 15. 'lhe water which pours into the reservoir flows downward through the pipe, 1l, and the llow is continued until the lower part of the generator is filled, that is, until water begins to waste through the over flow pipe, 22, thereupon the valves 22 and 123 are closed and the supply of water is continued until the reservoir 15, is tilled. The hose is then removed from the tilting pipe, 2&3, and the safety valve closed. '.lhese things having been done the generator in condition for use. At this time the water in the lower part of the generator stands within a fraction of au inch from the bottom of the grating. 2S. lVhen gas is required the water valve, 123, and also the gas valve, 21, are opened. Immediately upon the opening of the valve, 13, the water falling from the reservoir, 15, will raise the level in the generator, and the carbid on the grating will be partially or completely submerged. The generation of gas will then proceed, thel linups of carbid falling through the grating, into the body of water beneath, as fast as they are sulticiently reduced by decomposition on the grating. The gas thus generated passes through the condenser, to the gas tank, 13, and thence to theburner pipe. y1`he course of the gas Vis through the annular space between the carbid container and the walls of the generator, and thence through the pipe 17, to the condenser, 1H, thence by pipeI 2t), to the gas tank. The generation of gas continues until the pressure in the generator is sullicient. to overcome the head of water in the pipe 1-'t and the tank 15, whereupon the water will be partially expelled from the generator and the 'ater level therein lowered to a point below the grating'. When this occurs the generation of gas will be interrupted. It may not be wholly stopped, for the reason that some of the lumps of carbid which have fallen into the body of water into the lower part of the generator may momentarily continue the generation, but such generation only adds to the expulsion of the water and insures a stoppage of generation before an, excessive pressure is attained. lt is obvious that th 'i air which is trapped Vin the upper part of the tank, '15, will be compressed when the water is forced back into the tank from the generator, and that at certain moments the pressure of the air plus the vater column will balance the pressure in the generator proper. Obviously this balance is destroyed when gas is with drawn froln the gas tank, and such being the case it is evident that any considerable depletion of pressure will be followed by a rise of fater in the generator to again partially subn'ierge the calcium carbid which is exposed upon the grating. ln this manner the generator responds to every variation of pressure and operates to generate little or much gas according to the .f'arying demands of the system. The operation continues automat-ically so long as water remains in the reservoir and there is a supply oit carbid in the generator. lt should be observed that this automatic action is brought about without the use ot` any mechanical feeding appliances whatsoever, and that the apparatus cannot possibly get out oit order, as there are no operating parts to become clogged, or otherwise ineiltlective.

in this generator we combine the good features and principles of two classes otl generators, to-wit, the class known as displacement generators and the class of carbid vfeeding generators. By so doing we have produced a generator ot' great simplicity, one which requires absolutely7 no manual or mechanical control, and one in which the temperature is always low, the gas leaving the generator being cooled and in perfect condition for use.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

ln an acetylene generator suitable for generating acetylene gas under pressure a vertical tube or pipe, in combination with closures for the upper and lower ends thereof, a carbid holder suspended in said tube and grated at its lower end to supportthe carbid, a gas pipe leading from the upper part ot said tube, a separate water tank connected with the lower part of said tube to supply water thereto and means to admit air to said tank when the water is withdrawn, said water tank being sealed to prevent the escape of air while the generator is being operated, whereby said holder being supplied with calcium carbid and water and the gas pipe being open, the generator takes on automatic ebb and iiow action and the return ot the water into the tank compresses the air contained therein, substantially as described.

2. In an acetylene genera-tor suitable tor generating acetylene gas under pressure, a vertical tube or pipe, in combination with closures for the upper .and lower ends thereof, a stationary carbid holder sealed at its top by the upper closure ot said tube and open at its lower or generating end, a gas pipe leading from the upper part of said tube, a separate water tank connected with` the lower part of said tube to supply water thereto and means to admit air to said tank automatically while the generator is being operated, said water tank being sealed to prevent the escapel oi air while the generator is being operated, whereby said holder being supplied with calcium carbid and 91eme@ water and the gas pipe being open, the water in said water tank takes on automatic ebb and tlow action occasioned by the variations of pressure in the generator and the return ot he water into the tank compresses the air contained therein, substantially as described.

3. n an acetylene generator for generating acetylene gas under pressure, a closed holder tor the carbid provided with an outlet tor the a water tank sealed to preventthe escape ot air and connected with said holder to supply water thereto, and means to admit air to said tank as the water is withdrawn therefrom, whereby a tlow of water into said tank under pressure of gas in the holder compresses the air contained in said tank.

1l. n an acetylene geiierator for generating acetylene under pressure, a closed holder for the carbid provided with an outlet for the gas, a water tank connected with aid holder to supply water thereto, and a valve to admit air to said tank as the water is withdrawn and to prevent the escape of air ltherefrom whereby the flow ot water into said tank under pressure or" gas in the holder compresses the air contained in said tank.

5. ln an acetylene gas generator, a tube of substantially the same diameter throughout, in combination with a carbid holder having a transverse grating' within said tube, substantially midway thereof, a movable closure or cap for the upper end of said tube, a valvular closure for the lower end of said tube, a pipe leading from the upper part ot' said tube, an elevated closed water reservoir, a pipe connecting the same with the lower part of said tube, said reservoir having an air entrance pipe provided with an outwardly closing check valve therefor and an overflow pipe connecting said tube with said air entrance pipe, substantially as described.

G. In an acetylene gas generator, a closed chamber containing a carbid holder having a transverse grating, in combination with a gas pipe leading from the upper part ot said chamber, an elevated water reservoir,

a water column pipe connecting said reservoir with the lower part ot said chamber, a safety valve on said reservoir, an air vent connected with said reservoir and equipped with a one-way check valve, and an overtlow connection between said water reservoir and said air vent, substantially as described.

T. ln an acetylene gas Generator a vertical cylinder, a gas pipe connected to its upper part, carbid shell arranged in the upper part thereof and sealed except at its lower end, a grating at said lower end, suitable closures for the upper' and lower ends of the cylinder, an overflow pipe immediately below said grating and means for maintaining a column of water in communication with the lower end of the cylinder; whereby the accumulation and the depletion of gas pressure within the cylinder will cause the water to alternately rise into contact with and recede from, the carbid.

8. In an acetylene gas generator, a stationary closed chamber, in combination with a transverse grating therein to hold a body oit calcium carbid, a gas pipe leading 'trom the upper part of said chamber, a closed water reservoir, a water column pipe depending therefrom and connected with the lower part of said chamber, a filling pipe extending into said reservoir to torm an air cushion, and a safety valve on said pipe, substantially as described.

9. A railway ear, in combination with a tube or pipe arranged vertically therein with its upper end above the rootl ot the car, a removable closure for said upper end, a stationary grating or carbid support, provided in said tube, a valve closure for the lower end ot said tube and extending beneath thc tloor ot' said ear, a gas reservoir, a gas duct connecting said tube with said reservoir, and a condenser in said duct and located partly above the roof of the car, and suitable water connections, substantially as and for the purpose described.

l0. A railway car, in combination with an acetylene gas generator comprising a tube having its ends extending through the root and the floor of said car, suitable closures for said tube, a transverse grating in said tube to support a body of carbid in the upper part thereof, a closed water reservoir in the upper part otl said car, a lilling pipe extending into said reservoir to :torni an air cushion, an external sat'ety valve for said reservoir, a valved water pipe connecting said reservoir with the lower part ot said tube an overflow pipe provided with a valve arranged above the inlet ot said tube and a gas pipe leading from the upper part of said tube, substantially as described.

ll. A railway car, in combination with an acetylene gas generator comprising a tubular body having closed ends on the exterior ot the car, a sealed carbid container in the upper part of said body and open only at its lower end, a water reservoir arranged in the upper part of said car and connected with the lower part ot' said tubular body, an external safety valve for said water reservoir, a suitable air inlet check valve tor said reservoir, and a gas duct extending' from the upper part of said body through the root' ot' the car into the air, and thence downward through the floor ot' the car, substantially as described.

12. In an acetylene gas generator, a vertical tube or pipe, in combination with closures for the upper and lower ends ot' said tube, a pocket in the closure for the lower end, a rotatable disk in said pocket, a discharge opening in said closure member, and a port in said disk, means for turning said disk to open or close said discharge opening, a carbid holder suspended .in said tube, and suitable gas and water connections, substantially as described.

13. ln an acetylene gas generator, a vertical tube or pipe, in, combination with upper and lower closures lor the end ol said tube, said lower closure being hinged upon the bottom ot said tube and provided with a discharge opening, and a valve adapted to open and close said discharge opening means to operate said valve comprising a shaft pi'ojecting through said closure and provided with a handle, a cai'bid holder suspended in said tube, and suitable gas and water connections, substantially as described.

ll. A railway coach lighting system comprising a coach, in combination with al vertical tube arranged in the side ol the coach, said coach having openings in its tloor and root through which the ends o't said tube extend, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end ot said tube, a base plate wherein the lower end of said tube is secured, a removable closure on the under side ot said base plate, a discharge spout provided therein, a valve arranged in the closure upon said plate and normally closing said spout, means beneath the coach for operating said valve, a gas outlet pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the coach, a valved overflow pipe connected with the lower part olE said tube and extending through the lloor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part ot the coach, a pipe leading theret'rom, and connectetl with said tube at a point beneath said overlow pipe, and a carbid grating` arranged in said tube at a point slightly above said over-[low pipe, substzuitially as described.

l5. A railway coach lighting system comprising a coach, in combination with a vertical tube arranged in the side of the coach, said coach having openings in its tloor and rootl through which the ends ot said tube extend, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end of said tube, a base plate wherein the lower end of said tube is secured, a removable closure on the under side of said base plate, a discharge s pout provided therein, a valve arranged in the closure upon said plate and normally closing said spout, means beneath the coach 'tor operating said valve, a gas outlet pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the coach, a valved overflow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending through the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom, and a carbid grating arranged in said tube at a point slightly above said overtlow pipe, substantially as described.

1G. A railway coach lighting system comprising a coach in combination with a vertical tube arranged in the side of the coach, said coach having openings in its ltoor and roof through which the ends of said tube eX- tend, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end of said tube, a base plate wherein the lower end of said tube is secured, a removable closure on the under side of said base plate, a. discharge spout provided therein, a valve arranged in the closure upon said plate and normally closing said spout, means beneath the coach for operating said valve, a gas outlet pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the coach, a valved overflow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending through the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom. and connected with the said tube at a point beneath said overflow pipe, and a tubular carbid holder of less diameter than said tube and suspended therein and a grating arranged in the bottoni of said carbid holder, substantially as described.

17. A railway coach lighting system coinprising a coach in combination with a vertical tube arranged in the side of the coach, said coach having' openings in its floor and roof through which the ends of'said tube eX- tend, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end of said tube, a base plate wherein the lower end of said tube is secured, a removable closure on the under side of said base plate, a discharge spout provided therein, a valve arranged in the closure upon said. plate and normally closing said spout, means beneath the coach for operating said valve, a gas outlet pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the coach, a valved overflow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending thrmigh the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom, and connected with said tube at a point beneath said overflow pipe, and a tubular carbid holder suspended in said tube and open at the bottom only, substantially as described.

18. A railway coach lighting system comprising a coach, in combination with a vertical tube arranged in the side of the coach, the ends of said tube extending through the floor and roof thereof, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end of said tube, a base plate wherein the lower end of said tube is secured, a discharge spout provided therein, a valve arranged in the closure upon said plate and normally closing said spout, a gas out-let pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the coach, a valved overliow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending through the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom and connected with said tube, a valved air inlet pipe connected with said tank and opening through the bottoin of said coach, and a carbid grating arranged in said tube, substantially as described.

V in, a. valve arranged in the closure upon said plate and normally closing said spout, means beneath the coach for operating said valve, a outlet pipe connected with the upper end of said tube at a point within the tube, a gas reservoir under said coach, a reducing valve and burner pipe, a valved overliow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending through the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom, and connected with said tube at a point beneath said overflow pipe, and a carbid grating arranged in said tube at a point slightly above said overflow pipe, substantially as described.

20. A railway coach lighting system coinprising a coach, in combination with a vertical tube arranged in the side of the coach, said coach having openings in its floor and roof through which the ends of the tube extend, a removable cap or closure upon the upper end of said tube, a closure for the lower end of said tube provided withV a valved discharge pipe, a valved overtiow pipe connected with the lower part of said tube and extending through the floor of the coach, a water tank arranged in the upper part of the coach, a pipe leading therefrom and connected with said tube at a point beneath said overflow pipe, a carbid grating arranged in said tule, a gas reservoir beneath said coach, a gas outlet pipe connecting said tube with said reservoir, a condens-r interposed in said pipe and extending through the roof of said coach, a reducing valve and a burner pipe, substantially as described.

ln testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, this 17th day of March, 1906, at St. Paul, Ramsey county, Minnesota, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEQ. H. EMERSON. ROBT. D. H1/V EINS. EREDERCK T. KITCHEN. vWitnesses z G. illumine, J r. J. E. li/LisoN. 

